Download or read book Harper's Encyclopaedia of United States History, Vol. 8 of 10 written by Benson John Lossing and published by . This book was released on 2015-07-01 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from Harper's Encyclopaedia of United States History, Vol. 8 of 10: From 458 to 1905 This assault, like the first, was stubbornly resisted, but, finding the Confederates gaining their rear, the Nationals fell back, and were received by General Emory, who was advancing. Ransom lost ten guns and 1,000 men captured, and Lee 156 wagons filled with supplies. Sable, Isle of. See Roche, Etienne, Marquis de la. Sac and Fox Indians, associate families of the Algonquian nation. They were seated on the Detroit River and Saginaw Bay when the French discovered them, but were driven beyond Lake Michigan by the Iroquois. Settling near Green Bay, they took in the Foxes, and they have been intimately associated ever since, especially in wars. Roving and restless, they were continually at war with the fiery Sioux, and were allies of the French against the latter. In the conspiracy of Pontiac (q. v.), the Sacs were his confederates, but the Foxes were not; and in the wars of the Revolution and 1812 they were friends of the British. They were divided into a large number of classes distinguished by totems of different animals. They remained faithful to treaties with the United States until Black Hawk (q. v.) made war in 1832, when Keokuk, a great warrior and diplomat, remained faithful. The Foxes proper were first known as Outagamies (English "foxes"). They were visited in their place of exile with the Sacs by the Jesuit missionary Allouez, in 1667, when they numbered 500 warriors. The missionaries could make very little impression upon them. When De Nonville made his campaign against the Five Nations, the united Sacs and Foxes joined him, as they had De la Barre in 1684, but they soon became friendly to the Iroquois, and proposed to join their confederacy. In 1712 they attacked Detroit, and hostilities were carried on for almost forty years, when they joined the French in their final struggle to hold Canada. The Foxes befriended the white people in Pontiac's War. Since the War of 1812 the history of the Sacs and Foxes is nearly the same. In 1899 there were seventy-seven Sac and Fox Indians of the Missouri at the Pottawattomie and Great Nehama agency in Kansas; 388 Sacs and Foxes of Mississippi at the Sac and Fox agency in Iowa; and 521 of the latter band of the Sac and Fox agency in Oklahoma. Sachem, among American Indian nations, the title of a chief having different powers in different tribes or families. The office was both hereditary and elective in various tribes; in some it was applied to the head chief of a group of families, each family having its own chief. In the Iroquois Confederacy there were fifty sachems in whom was vested the supreme power. They were equal in rank and authority; were distributed among the nations composing the confederacy, and were united in what was known as the council of the league, which was the body possessing the executive, legislative, and judicial authority for the entire confederacy. Among the New England Indians, the highest functionaries were known as sachems, and the ones immediately subordinate to them as sagamores. Sachse, Julius Friedrich, author; born in Philadelphia, Pa., Nov. 22, 1842. He is the author of The German Pietists of Provincial Pennsylvania; Pennsylvania: The German Influence in Its Settlement and Development; The German Separatists of Pennsylvania, 1720-1800; Critical and Legendary History of the Ephrata Cloister and the Dunkers, etc. Sackett's Harbor. Early in July, 1812, a rumor spread that the Oneida had been captured by the British, and that a squadron of British vessels were on their way from Kingston to recapture the Lord Nelson, lying at Sackett's Harbor. General Brown, with a militia force, immediately took post at the harbor. The story was not true, but a squadron made an attack on the harbor eighteen days afterwards. The squadron, built at Kingston, consisted of the Royal George, 24: Prince Regent, 22; Earl of Moira, 20; Si"