The author examines in detail the Tanzimat reforms, focusing on the crucial phase between the reform edict of 1856 and the constitution of 1876. Originally publ
The financial collapse of the Ottoman government in 1875 was a pivotal event in the history of the Middle East. Based on extensive use of both financial and dip
"A feast of thoughtful and informative essays, this timely collection explores an age-old issue: the impact of the past on the present. Contributors . . . consi