Download or read book Energy Drink Expectancies Among College Students written by Aaron C. Luneke and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduction: Energy drinks are part of a growing industry that targets the college population, among others, with aggressive marketing tactics, by promoting greater focus and more energy with their product consumption. Energy drinks are associated with a multitude of consequences, including emergency room visits and hospitalization. Additionally, they are linked with heavy drinking, poor academic outcomes, and drug use. The research on the consequences and behaviors associated with the mixing of alcohol and energy drinks and college students (AmEDs) is widespread; however, to date, a comprehensive literature review on the topic does not exist. Another gap in literature is the lack of information on the expectancies college students have regarding the consumption of energy drinks and how that impacts their use. Both of the aforementioned issues are the subject matter of this dissertation. Purpose: This alternative dissertation includes two separate studies. The first study was a systematic literature review, which was completed with the purpose of summarizing and identifying the gaps in literature regarding energy drinks and their use with alcohol among college students. The second study was a result of the first, where there was an evident gap in the literature, as there were no data on the energy drink expectancies of college students. Therefore, the purpose of the second study was to explore the energy drink expectancies of college students. Methods: (Study 1) The systematic literature review was completed using multiple academic search engines, including Academic Search Complete, ERIC, Medline, PsychInfo, PubMed, Web of Science, ProQuest, and Google Scholar databases. The article inclusion criteria were that the topical focus was on AmED consumption among United States undergraduate college students aged 18 to 25. (Study 2) An alcohol and drug use questionnaire that contained 74-items was used to assess energy drink expectancies of undergraduate college students (n=1,246), aged 18 to 25. The variance in past 30-day energy drink consumption accounted for by energy drink expectancies were determined by a multinomial logistic regression analysis. Further, to understand which expectancies predicted energy drink consumption, binary logistic regression analyses were conducted with each expectancy factor. Results: (Study 1) Of the 164 articles found in the search process, 35 met the inclusion criteria for the systematic literature review. The level of scientific rigor varied, as neither the response rates nor validity measures were included in the majority of articles. In addition, convenience samples, self-reported data, and single site samples were common. (Study 2) With regard to the cross-sectional study, the expectancy factors were found to account for 24.3% of the variance in past 30-day energy drink consumption. Further, four expectancy factors were found to be significantly related to energy drink consumption including Anxiety/Negative Physical Effects, Withdrawal, Energy Enhancement, and Social/Mood Enhancement. Conclusions: Results from the literature indicate that more scientific rigor needs to be utilized with future research. Specifically, collecting and reporting response rates and validity measures, as well as using randomized and more heterogeneous samples. Further, it fueled the cross-sectional study as there was a gap in the literature regarding energy drink expectancies of college students. The Anxiety/Negative Physical Effects expectancy was found to be the strongest overall expectancy and negative expectancy, while Energy Enhancement was the strongest positive expectancy. Based on the results of this study, practitioners should educate college students highlighting the negative outcomes associated with energy drink consumption, while correcting the misperceptions concerning the positive expectancies consumers have in an effort to curb consumption