Download or read book Subordination Or Empowerment? written by Richard A. Keiser and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1997 with total page 255 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why have Blacks won political empowerment in some cities and remained subordinated in others? Through case studies of Chicago, Gary, Philadelphia, and Atlanta, Keiser argues that electoral competition among White factions has created opportunities for Black leaders to win political empowerment and avoid subordination. In the absence of electoral competiion, Black votes become superfluous and separatist, and messianic appeals from leaders like Louis Farakhan gain resonance.