The Carolingian period (c. 750-900) has traditionally been described as one of ‘reform’ or ‘renaissance’, where cultural and intellectual changes were i
This collection of studies investigates how people of the 10th to early 12th century experienced and represented processes of intentional change in the Church,
By the early ninth century, the responsibility for a series of social, religious and political reforms had become an integral part of running the Carolingian em
This incisive, in-depth study unearths the significance of a neglected group of early medieval manuscripts, those which transmit the Ordines Romani. These texts